A Dissertation for
M E (Electronics
& Computer Engineering)
on
" A DSP Based Approach to High Resolution Azimuth Signal Processing for
Air-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and its Real-time Implementation
Aspects
"
Prepared and Carried
out by:
Guided by:
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
I S T A R
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCED STUDIES & RESEARCH
(Offering
Post Graduate Programs on Behalf of B V M
VALLABH VIDYANAGAR – 388120
Date: 30 - 5 - 2001
C E R T I F I C A T E
This
is to certify that the project work carried out for the dissertation as a partial
fulfillment of the requirement of M E (Electronics & Computer Engineering)
is an original and bonafied work of Mr.
Pancham Shukla (96EC903).
He
has satisfactorily completed his work on "A DSP Based Approach to High Resolution Azimuth Signal Processing for
Air-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and its Real-time Implementation
Aspects" at SAC-ISRO, Ahmedabad, from Jan 2000 to Jun 2000.
It
is further certified that the said dissertation has not been submitted
elsewhere for the award of any other Degree or Diploma.
|
Dr. N D Jotwani |
Mr. N M Desai |
Dr. B P Swadas |
|
Principal, GCET, and Dean, Faculty of Engineering &
Technology |
Scientist, SAC-ISRO |
Director
& Head, ISTAR |
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
I S T A R
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCED STUDIES & RESEARCH
(Offering
Post Graduate Programs on Behalf of B V M
VALLABH VIDYANAGAR – 388120
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With
a sense of gratitude and respect, I would like to extend my heartiest thanks to
all those who provided help and guidance during my project and made this
project a success. It was a pleasant and highly educative experience to work at
SAC-ISRO, Ahmedabad.
I express
my profound thanks to Dr. N D Jotwani, Principal, GCET and Prof. J C Panchal,
Head of the Dept. of Electronics and Communication, GCET for their generous
interest in my academic development and granting me the study leave. I am
extremely thankful to my dissertation guide Dr. N D Jotwani for giving his
precious time, genuine interest and valuable suggestions. I am also thankful to
Dr. A M Sheikh, Principal, BVM for providing me the official recommendation to
work at SAC-ISRO.
I am
grateful to Mr. V K Garg, Group Director, MSG, SAC-ISRO and Mr. R J K Jain,
Manager, ODTC, SAC-ISRO, who were kind enough to consider my choice and place
me accordingly in MSDD, where Digital Signal Processing is the major activity.
I am obliged by Mr. V R Gujarati, Head of the Div., MSDD, who gave his kind
consent to carry out the project work in his division.
From
the bottom of my heart, I thank my project guide Mr. N M Desai,
Sci/Eng.-"SF" for all his help and guidance during the entire project
duration. I thank him for his valuable and highly innovative suggestions,
active and dedicated involvement and constant motivation throughout my work. It
was due to his cordial support that I was able to share all the resources of
the division whenever needed.
My
special thanks to Mr. Saravankumar, Mr. Senthilkumar and Mr. Sanjay Trivedi,
for their help and cooperation in all respects.
Pancham Shukla
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 1
SECTION
I SYNTHETIC APERTURE
RADAR (SAR) 2
Chapter 2 SAR-Remote
Sensing 8
Chapter 3 ASAR
Systems 12
Brief 22
Chapter 2 Point
Target 28
Chapter 3 Parameters
and Equations 37
Chapter 4 Time-Domain
Approach (TASP) 38
Chapter 5 Frequency-Domain
Approach (FASP) 56
Chapter 6 Comparison,
Conclusion and Future Path 92
Chapter 2 DSP
Card-SP 20 106
Chapter 3 Results 112
APPENDIX
A 124
APPENDIX B 126
In a very simple form, Synthetic
Aperture Radar (SAR) is a small size, high power and conventional radar
assembly, which continuously moves either on Air-craft or on Satellite. Typical
application of Synthetic Aperture Radar is all-weather Remote Sensing, with the
use of microwave sensor rather than optical sensor, because of its inherent
advantages. It requires instantaneous signal processing on a huge volume of
received echo-data in Range as well as Azimuth directions to generate a good
quality of two-dimensional ground image with reasonable amount of resolution in
both directions. Modern techniques and algorithms for signal processing are
implemented with fast and efficient Digital Signal Processors for maintaining
phase integrity and Real-time environment. The dissertation on "A DSP Based Approach to High Resolution
Azimuth Signal Processing for Air-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and its
Real-time Implementation Aspects" is presented in three sections
namely 1) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), 2) MATLAB & Point Target
Simulation, and 3) Real-Time Implementation.
First section is about the introduction and history, applications and
advantages of SAR Remote Sensing, various modes of operation and system
components of Air-borne SAR.
Second section attempts to highlight the importance of a Point Target
-the smallest and the fundamental element of SAR image, through MATLAB
simulations. Characteristic results like Azimuth Resolution and ISLR of Point
Target are analyzed in various conditions with Time-Domain (TASP) and
Frequency-Domain (FASP) algorithms. Innovative ideas in FASP are simulated and
results are critically compared in this section. It ends with the future path
for further simulations.
Third section deals with the Real-time
implementation aspects of FASP algorithm, DSP processor architecture, DSP
solution with SP-20 card -considering issues like Memory Requirement and
Execution Time. It attempts to direct for further research to get optimal
solution using octal SHARC Morocco board.